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Conflicts of Interest

All authors must declare financial and non-financial conflicts of interest that could influence the work, including:

  • Employment, consultancies, honoraria
  • Stock ownership, patents
  • Paid expert testimony
  • Personal, academic, or institutional relationships

Authors must include a Conflict of Interest statement in the manuscript:

  • If none: “The authors declare no conflicts of interest.”

Funding

  • Authors must disclose all sources of funding and grant numbers, or state no external funding.

Reviewers and editors

  • Reviewers and editors must disclose conflicts and recuse themselves when appropriate.